Tetradic palette generator
Nearest named colour: royalblue
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Gives four hues 90 degrees apart, which is two complementary pairs. It offers the most colours of any classical scheme and is the hardest to keep under control.
How to use the tetradic palette generator
Four hues means four things competing, and unlike a triad the pairs also relate to each other, so a badly balanced tetrad reads as two separate palettes rather than one. The standard advice is to let one hue take most of the surface and use the other three sparingly, and to vary lightness heavily so the four are distinguishable by more than hue alone. If a tetrad is not working, dropping to a triad or a split-complementary scheme almost always improves it — the extra colour is rarely earning its place.
Questions
Four hues 90 degrees apart, forming two complementary pairs.
Four competing hues, and the pairs relate to each other too. Let one dominate and vary the lightness heavily.
Rarely at equal weight. If it is not working, a triad or split-complementary is usually better.
Not necessarily. A palette generator arranges hues; it says nothing about contrast. Check any text-on-background pair against the contrast checker before shipping it.
Hex for anything going into a design tool, HSL when you want to adjust lightness by hand, and OKLCH when you need two colours to look equally light; it is the only one of the four where that number means what you expect.