Upside down text
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Substitutes each letter for a character that looks like it rotated 180 degrees, then reverses the string so it reads correctly upside down. ǝpᴉsdn uʍop.
How to use the upside down text
The characters come from all over Unicode and none of them was designed for this. The upside-down "a" is a turned a from the phonetic alphabet, where it represents a specific vowel sound; the upside-down "e" is a schwa; the upside-down "M" is a plain W. Because they are scavenged rather than designed, a few letters have no good match and the illusion depends heavily on the font your device picks. Reversing the string is the second half of the trick. Without it the letters are flipped but read left to right, which does not look rotated at all.
Questions
Each letter is swapped for a lookalike from elsewhere in Unicode, then the whole string is reversed so it reads correctly when rotated.
No. These are mathematical and phonetic codepoints, so a screen reader announces them symbol by symbol or skips them. A styled name is effectively unreadable to anyone using one.
No. A font changes how ordinary letters look; this swaps in genuinely different characters. That is why it survives a paste into a bio, and why it breaks search.
Several letters have no true turned counterpart, so the nearest lookalike is used. How convincing it looks depends on the font.
Running flipped text through again returns something close to the original, though characters without exact pairs may not survive.
Some platforms allow it, many do not. These are phonetic characters and are often restricted.