UTM link builder
UTM parameters are five query-string tags; source, medium, campaign, content and term, that analytics tools read to attribute a visit. Source, medium and campaign are the three that matter; content and term are optional. Google Analytics treats them as case-sensitive, so Email and email become two separate rows.
How to build a UTM link
Medium is the field that decides which channel group a visit lands in, and it is where most tagging goes wrong. Use email, cpc, social, referral, affiliate or display; anything else falls into "unassigned" and quietly disappears from the default reports. The other common mistake is inconsistent casing, which is why the lower-case switch is on by default.
Questions
Source, medium and campaign in practice. Without a source, Analytics cannot attribute the visit and falls back to referral or direct.
Because Analytics does not normalise it. Newsletter and newsletter are two different sources, and your one campaign shows up as two.
No. A UTM link inside your own site starts a new session and destroys the original attribution. Tag only links arriving from outside.
Yes. UTM parameters predate GA4 and are read by almost every analytics product, and by most link shorteners.
Yes, they sit in the address bar. Do not put anything in them you would not want read.